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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 22-31.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00112

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吐哈盆地太阳辐射及影响因素

程定宇1,2(), 刘新春2, 钟玉婷2(), 买买提艾力·买买提依明2, 高佳程2   

  1. 1.新疆大学 生态与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046
    2.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 中国气象局阿克达拉大气本底野外科学试验基地/新疆沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16 修回日期:2025-07-11 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 钟玉婷
  • 作者简介:程定宇(2000—),男,重庆万州人,硕士研究生,主要从事太阳辐射研究。E-mail: 450587014@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局气象能力提升联合研究专项(24NLTSZ006);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk110202);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A364);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A161);伊吾县节能减排降碳专项(YW202407);新疆气象局创新发展专项(ZD202306);中国气象科学研究院科技发展基金项目(2021KJ034)

Characteristics of solar radiation and influencing factors in the Turpan-Hami Basin

Dingyu Cheng1,2(), Xinchun Liu2, Yuting Zhong2(), Mamtimin Mamtali·2, Jiacheng Gao2   

  1. 1.College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China
    2.China Meteorological Administration Field Scientific Experiment Base of Akdala Atmospheric Background / Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Meteorology and Sandstorm,Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China
  • Received:2025-04-16 Revised:2025-07-11 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-11
  • Contact: Yuting Zhong

摘要:

基于吐哈盆地1994—2023年太阳辐射与其他气象要素观测数据及2000—2023年PM10浓度数据集,采用线性倾向估计和皮尔逊相关分析法,系统研究了多时间尺度太阳辐射变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)近30 a吐鲁番与哈密站太阳辐射年均值分别为5 449.87 MJ·m-2和6 146.68 MJ·m-2,存在显著空间异质性,两地分别呈现下降(2.91 MJ·m-2·a-1)和上升(4.45 MJ·m-2·a-1)趋势,太阳辐射量极值及出现时间不同,辐射日变化呈单峰型且峰值集中于正午时段。(2)两地气温显著上升(0.09 ℃·a-1和0.05 ℃·a-1),年均总云量相对稳定,PM10浓度持续下降(0.11 μg·m-3·a-1和0.57 μg·m-3·a-1)。(3)太阳辐射季节变化(夏季>春季>秋季>冬季)与塔克拉玛干沙漠等地一致,但日峰值时空分异受太阳高度角年周期变化与地形海拔梯度共同调控。(4)PM10颗粒物通过散射与吸收作用削弱地表太阳辐射,其中吐鲁番站邻近沙尘源以及特殊地理环境影响,PM10浓度持续偏高,是太阳辐射下降的主要因素,哈密站PM10浓度下降快,对其太阳辐射上升贡献显著。

关键词: 吐哈盆地, 太阳辐射, 气象要素, PM10

Abstract:

Based on solar radiation and meteorological observation data (1994-2023) and PM10 concentration data (2000-2023) from the Turpan-Hami Basin, this study systematically investigated the characteristics of multi-time-scale solar radiation variations and their influencing factors using linear trend estimation and Pearson correlation analysis. The results indicate that: (1) Over the past 30 years, the mean annual solar radiation at Turpan and Hami stations was 5 449.87 MJ·m-2 and 6 146.68 MJ·m-2, respectively, exhibiting significant spatial heterogeneity. Turpan station showed a significant downward trend (2.91 MJ·m-2·a-1), while Hami station exhibited a significant upward trend (4.45 MJ·m-2·a-1). The occurrence timing and magnitudes of solar radiation extremes differed between the stations. Diurnally, solar radiation displayed a unimodal pattern with peak intensity concentrated around noon. (2) Both stations experienced significant warming trends (0.09 °C·a-1 and 0.05 °C·a-1, respectively), while annual mean total cloud cover remained relatively stable (both approximately 44.33%). PM10 concentrations demonstrated significant declining trends (-0.11 μg·m-3·a-1 and -0.57 μg·m-3·a-1, respectively). (3) The seasonal pattern of solar radiation (summer > spring > autumn > winter) aligned with observations from other arid regions like the Taklimakan Desert. However, the spatiotemporal differentiation of daily peak radiation was jointly regulated by the annual cycle of solar elevation angle and topographic altitude gradients. (4) PM10 particles attenuated surface solar radiation through scattering and absorption processes. The persistently high PM10 concentration near Turpan station, influenced by its proximity to dust sources and specific geographic setting, was the primary factor driving its declining solar radiation trend. Conversely, the faster reduction in PM₁₀ concentration at Hami station significantly contributed to its observed increase in solar radiation.

Key words: Turpan-Hami Basin, solar radiation, meteorological elements, PM10

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